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On Oct. 12 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered the new world, and claimed it for Spain. Before Columbus, this land of the western hemisphere was populated with many nations and tribes of people who we now call Native Americans, or American Indians. Once Europeans discovered them, they were doomed as an important power. The Europeans brought technology (weapons) and disease, and the native Americans almost died out completely. Vikings (about the year 1000) and perhaps other Europeans occasionally landed in the new world long before Columbus, but did not survive long. Other explorers were John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) who explored the New England area for England (1497), Juan Ponce de Leon who explored Florida for Spain (1513), Giovanni de Verrazano who explored most of the east coast of the future United States for France (1524), Hernando de Soto who explored the gulf coast from Florida to the future Louisiana for Spain (1539-41), Francisco Vasquez de Coronado who explored what was to become the southwest U.S. (1540). Amerigo Vespucci claimed to have discovered the mainland of North America (1497), and both continents were named for him because he publicized his travels. St. Augustine Florida was the first European (Spanish) settlement in North America (1565); it was attacked by Francis Drake (1586). In 1607 Jamestown (in what is now Virginia) was started by Capt. John Smith, for England. In 1609 Henry Hudson (England) explored eastern Canada and the north-eastern part of what is now the U.S. In 1609, the Spanish settled Santa Fe, in what is now New Mexico. In 1620, the Pilgrims (Puritans) sailed to America on the Mayflower, and settled in what is now Massachusetts; half of them died in the first harsh winter. In 1624 and 1626 Dutch settled in the New York area; Manhattan became New Amsterdam. In 1634, a Catholic colony began in Maryland. In 1636, Roger Williams began Providence Rhode Island, with a democratic government, and separation of church and state. In 1636, Harvard College was founded. In the early 1600s black slaves were first brought to North America. In 1650 slavery was made legal. In 1664, British troops seized the New York area from the Dutch. In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Lois Jolliet explored the Mississippi River. In 1676, there was a bloody Indian war in New England. In 1682, the land around the Mississippi became a French territory, and was named Louisiana. In 1683 and 1684, William Penn started Pennsylvania. In 1692, in Salem Massachusetts, many women were accused of witchcraft, and were executed. In 1704 Deerfield Massachusetts was attacked by Indians, 40 settlers were killed, 100 were captured by the Indians. In 1712, slaves revolted in New York. Six committed suicide, 21 were executed. In 1732, Georgia became the last of the thirteen (British) colonies. The colonies: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. In 1740, Captain Vitus Bering (Russia) explored Alaska. In 1741, slaves revolted; 13 were hanged, and 13 were burned. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin proved that lightning was electricity, by flying a kite in a storm. 1754-1763, the French and Indian War was fought between England and France. England gained Canada, and other land. In 1774, Rhode Island abolished slavery.

 

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